Iran

Iran (Persia) is officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is a sovereign state in Western-Asia. As the world’s 18th most populous nation, it is home to 81 million inhabitants.

The country is home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations, including the Elamite Kingdoms, which date back to 4 BC. It is a founding member of ECO, NAM, OPEC, UN, and OIC. The country has the largest natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven oil reserves, making it a major regional and middle power. The nation is also known as a  multinational country which is made up of many linguistic and ethnic groups.

The country became known as the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, after the conditional government met and a referendum was held, with a theocratic constitution--the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran--approved in December of 1979, leading to the end of the monarchy and the Shah fleeing the country.  

The invasion of the  Iranian province of Khuzestan on September 22, 1980 marked the onset of the Iraq-Iran War. Saddam Hussein’s army made several attacks on the country, but the Irani military forces successfully managed to push the Iraqi Army back to their home country. In 1982, the Iranian regime attacked Iraqi territory in an attempt to conquer major cities like Basra. The war lasted through 1988 when Iraqi forces defeated Iran, pushing their remaining troops back to their home-borders. Khomeini went onto accept a truce which was drafted by the United Nations.

The government in Iran is headed by the Supreme Leader, who is responsible for delineation of policies in the country. The elected President has little power in government operations. The Supreme Leader outlines how elections are run in the country, and makes final decisions on the environment, economy, education, foreign policy, and nearly everything else in the country. Prior to being appointed, the President must also gain approval by the Supreme Leader.

Iran’s government central goal is to establish a new world order which is based on justice, world peace, and global collective security. The country maintains diplomatic relations with 99 members of the United Nations, but not the US. The country is a member of G15, IBRD, G24, G77, IDA, IDB, and several other international organizations.

The Iranian legal system was dramatically altered in the Islamic revolution of 1979. Elements of civil law remain, however, the system is largely based on Islamic, or Sharia, law.  The constitution stipulates that the judiciary is independent, but the entire legal system is overseen by the Ministry of Justice.   The Head of the Judiciary is appointed by the Supreme Leader for a term of five years; it is this person’s job to organize the judiciary and oversee justices.

The Iranian court structure includes Revolutionary Courts, Public Courts, Courts of Peace and Supreme Courts of Cassation. There are 70 branches of the Revolutionary Courts. Public courts consist of Civil (205), Special Civil (99), First class criminal (86) and Second Class Criminal (156). Courts of Peace are divided into Ordinary courts (124), and Independent Courts of Peace (125), and Supreme Courts of Cassation (22).  The courts run as an inquisitorial system, rather than adversarial, with the judge listening to both sides and pronouncing judgments, sometimes with help from other justices in serious cases.

The National Law Review covers news and business stories from Iran. From government imposed sanctions on the US and foreign government entities to the country’s major impact on the world’s oil and gas consumption, and policies on nuclear and non-nuclear designations in the country. Visitors can read about election news, government relations, and how Iran impacts the international realm, in oil, energy, nuclear, and other sectors. 

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Jun
22
2017
US Court of Appeals Reverses OFAC Sanctions Penalty for Iran Transactions Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Jun
22
2017
US Congress Proposes New Iran Sanctions Legislation Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Jun
22
2017
US Sanctions Persons Connected to Iran’s Ballistic Missile Programme Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Jun
22
2017
European Court of Justice Judgment on Damages for Unlawful European Union Sanctions Listing Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Apr
20
2017
EU and UK Sanctions Update: April 2017 K&L Gates
Apr
17
2017
Congress Introduces North Korea and Iran Sanctions Legislation Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Mar
29
2017
China’s ZTE Corporation Will Pay Largest Amount of Civil Penalties and Criminal Fines Imposed to Date Polsinelli PC
Mar
15
2017
Will President Trump Tear Up the Iran Nuclear Deal? Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP
Mar
10
2017
President Trump Issues Revised Executive Order Regarding Travel Suspension Hunton Andrews Kurth
Mar
10
2017
President Trump’s March 6, 2017 Executive Order on Immigration Dickinson Wright PLLC
Mar
9
2017
First Circuit Affirms Lengthy Sentence of Chinese National Who Provided U.S. Goods to Iranian Nuclear Program Holland & Hart LLP
Mar
7
2017
Revised Travel Ban Issued March 6, 2017 Vedder Price
Mar
7
2017
New Immigration Executive Order Scales Back Earlier Travel Restrictions Holland & Hart LLP
Mar
6
2017
President Trump Issues Executive Order with Revised Travel and Refugee Restrictions Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Mar
6
2017
UPDATE March 6, 2017: President Trump’s Latest Immigration Executive Order Dinsmore & Shohl LLP
Mar
6
2017
Revised Travel Ban Executive Order Targets Six Countries, Drops Iraq Jackson Lewis P.C.
Mar
6
2017
EU Removes Entities From Iran Sanctions Lists Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Mar
6
2017
Trump Administration Imposes New Iran Sanctions Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Feb
5
2017
OFAC Expands Scope of Authorised Humanitarian Exports to Iran Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Feb
3
2017
New U.S. Sanctions Imposed on Iran in Response to Recent Testing of Ballistic Missiles Polsinelli PC
Feb
3
2017
What You Need to Know About President Trump’s Executive Order on Immigration Issues McDermott Will & Emery
Feb
2
2017
February 2, 2017 Travel Advisory and Immigration Update Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP
Feb
1
2017
Workplace Implications of the President Trump’s Immigration Executive Order Holland & Hart LLP
Feb
1
2017
Executive Order on Immigration Review: Potential Impact on Employees, Vendors and Contractors Barnes & Thornburg LLP
Jan
30
2017
Advisory on President Trump's Executive Order Suspending Entry of Foreign Nationals Polsinelli PC
Jan
30
2017
Executive Order Restricting Entry Into The U.S. For Nationals Of Seven Countries May Cause Questions/Concern For Employees Traveling Abroad Godfrey & Kahn S.C.
Jan
30
2017
President Trump’s Executive Order – Impact of the “Protecting the Nation from Terrorist Attacks by Foreign Nationals” on International Travel Dinsmore & Shohl LLP
Jan
30
2017
Travel Advisory after Trump Executive Order Jackson Lewis P.C.
Jan
30
2017
Executive Order Effects Immigration Ban Jackson Lewis P.C.
Jan
29
2017
Summary of Executive Order: Protecting the Nation from Terrorist Attacks by Foreign Nationals Greenberg Traurig, LLP
Jan
28
2017
Immigration Travel Alert: New Executive Order Suspends Admission to the U.S. of Foreign Nationals From Certain Countries Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C.
Jan
4
2017
Legal Bases for Iran Sanctions, Cuba Sanctions, and NAFTA Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Dec
22
2016
OFAC Appears to Anticipate Snapback of Nuclear-Related Sanctions on Iran Polsinelli PC
Dec
21
2016
OFAC Provides Prospective Guidance on Potential “Snap-Back” of Iran Sanctions K&L Gates
Dec
14
2016
UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office Publishes Its Annual Report for 2015/2016 Year Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Dec
7
2016
The Table Flip: Trump, the Iran Nuclear Deal, and American Business Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP
Dec
6
2016
Iran Sanctions, Trump Transition, Taiwan, TPP: Trade Talk Week in Review Nov 28 – Dec 4 Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Nov
20
2016
Iran Sanctions in Trump Administration/Certain Uncertainties and Probabilities Holland & Hart LLP
Nov
8
2016
TPP, Iran Sanctions, EU Insurance, Power Africa: Trade Talk 31 October – 6 November Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Oct
22
2016
HM Treasury Updates Its Consolidated List Regarding Financial Sanctions Imposed Against Iranian Entities Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Oct
20
2016
OFAC Announces Settlement Agreements for Iran Sanctions Violations Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Oct
20
2016
OFAC Issues New General License for Temporary Aircraft Exports to Iran Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Oct
11
2016
Those Three Little Words: OFAC’s Subtle Language Shift Could Create Sweeping Change on Iran Investment Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP
Sep
30
2016
From Implementation to Takeoff: Nine Months Later, OFAC Issues Licenses to Boeing and Airbus for Commercial Aircraft Deals With Iran Katten
Sep
16
2016
Trade Talk: Week in Review (6-11 September 2016): JASTA; North Korea Nuclear Test; TPP Support Lack Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Sep
12
2016
Congress Focuses on Iran, Syria, North Korea and Cyber Security, Funding Federal Government and Possibly Reconciling Defense Authorization Measure Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
Sep
9
2016
Coming Up Short: When There Aren't Enough Judges Eligible To Rehear A Case En Banc Foley & Lardner LLP
Sep
2
2016
Considerations for Travel to Iran to Explore Relaxed Trade Opportunities Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Aug
30
2016
OFAC General License Loosens Restrictions on Non-US Carrier Flights to Iran Katten
Aug
29
2016
Key Lessons From a Recent Export Enforcement Case Against a U.S. Pharmaceutical and Medical Supply Company Polsinelli PC
 

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